Topics Covered in This Blog Post
What is a calico Cat? Is Calico A Breed?
In hearing the term “calico,” it might sound like it’s referring to a specific breed, but is it actually a breed? Well, the answer is no. So, what exactly makes a calico cat a calico? The term “calico” refers to cats with a distinctive three-colour coat, typically white, black, and orange. This striking combination gives calicos their unique, mosaic-like appearance, but it doesn’t define a breed. In fact, calico cats can belong to many different breeds, like the American Shorthair, Persian, and Maine Coon, among others. No two calicos can have the same coat pattern, and as they don’t belong to a specific breed, you will never have a chance to see two calicos exactly alike.
Cat Breeds That Can Have Calico Pattern
⦁ American Shorthair
⦁ Maine Coon
⦁ Persian
⦁ Scottish Fold
⦁ British Shorthair
⦁ Siberian
⦁ Turkish Van
⦁ Japanese Bobtail (Calico with the most popular coat colour pattern)
⦁ Cornish Rex
⦁ Devon Rex
⦁ Exotic Shorthair
⦁ Norwegian Forest Cat
⦁ Turkish Van
The Genetics Behind The Calico Coat Pattern
Behind the colourful fur lies a fascinating story of genetics and inheritance. The genetic reasons behind a cat’s calico differ significantly between males and females. Female cats are calico because of X-inactivation, while male calicos are rare and occur due to an extra X chromosome (XXY), a condition called Klinefelter syndrome. You can understand how rare this process is that only 1% of calicos are male, and the remaining 99% are all female calicos.
X-inactivation
The calico coat pattern in cats results from genetic processes involving the X chromosome. The orange and black fur genes are located on the X chromosome. Female cats (XX) can inherit both the O (orange) and o (black) alleles, allowing them to express both colours. This is because of X-inactivation, a process where one X chromosome is randomly “turned off” in each cell. This creates patches of orange and black fur.
Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
Male cats are usually not calico because they have only one X chromosome (XY), so they can only express one colour, either orange or black. Male cats are calicos only in case of an infrequent occurrence of an extra X chromosome (XXY), a condition called Klinefelter syndrome. Although infrequent, this extra X allows for a calico pattern in male cats. Only about 1% of calico cats are male, making these males quite exceptional.
While the white fur in calicos comes from a separate gene unrelated to the X chromosome.
History
The term “calico” likely comes from Calicut (now Kozhikode), India, in the 17th century. This fabric, known for its colourful and patchwork designs, was imported to Europe and inspired the name for calico cats, which share similar patterns.
As a colour pattern, the calico cat has no specific geographical origin as it is not a breed but a genetic trait. However, calico patterns have been observed across various regions, including in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome and multiple cultures over the centuries.
Life span of a calico cat
A calico is not a breed but rather a genetic trait, so being a calico does not directly affect a cat’s lifespan or significantly determine its overall health. However, specific health factors associated with calico cats are discussed below.
Common health issues
Calico cats may face various health issues related to their genetics, which can lead to certain conditions being more prevalent in specific populations. Male calico cats may experience Klinefelter syndrome, a genetic condition characterized by an extra X chromosome (XXY). This syndrome can result in infertility, lower testosterone levels, and potential behavioural differences, as well as an increased risk of health issues such as heart problems and reduced muscle mass.
Female calico cats, especially those of breeds like Persians and Scottish Folds, are more likely to develop polycystic kidney disease. This condition can cause cysts to form and impair kidney function. Additionally, like many female cats, calico females may be at greater risk for breast cancer, obesity, and urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Interesting Fun Facts About Calico Cats
Did you know?
About 99% of calicos are female, and 99% of that 1% of males are infertile.
Did you know?
Calico Cat Day is celebrated on the 1st of November. This day honours these special cats, recognizing their unique beauty and personality.
Did you know?
In Japan, there is a belief that Calicos bring good fortune when it comes to business and financial success, While in some parts of Scotland, it is believed that a calico cat will get a new friend into a person’s life.
Did you know?
One of the oldest known Calico cats lived to be 38 years old—a remarkable feat.
Did you know?
The calico cat was declared the official state cat of Maryland in 2011.
Did you know?
A calico cat named Tama has been appointed as the station master of Kishi Train Station in Japan.
Did you know?
A calico cat named Sweetart was elected mayor of a small town in Michigan in 2018.
What to feed a calico cat?
When discussing the diet of calico cats, it’s crucial to highlight that their dietary requirements are not determined by their coat colour. “Calico” refers to the colour and pattern of their fur, not their breed or genetic makeup. Therefore, their nutritional needs are similar to those of any other domestic cat. Follow best practices for feeding cats to meet their dietary needs for good health. Include tips that apply to all cats, including calicos.
How much does a calico cat cost?
Buying a Calico cat from a breeder can be significantly more expensive than adopting from a shelter or rescue group. Prices for purebred cats can range from $300 to $2,000, depending on the breed and breeder.
Adoption vs. Buying: Pros and Cons
Adopting a Calico Cat:
Pros:
- Typically less expensive, with adoption fees ranging from $50 to $150.
- Saves a life by providing a home to a cat in need.
- Cats from shelters are often spayed/neutered, vaccinated, and microchipped.
- There is a wide variety of personalities and ages to choose from.
Cons:
- A cat’s health and temperament history may not be fully known.
- Shelters may have a limited selection of Calico cats, depending on availability.
Buying a Calico Cat from a Breeder:
Pros:
- You can find a purebred Calico with a known lineage and health history.
- There is a better understanding of the cat’s personality due to early socialization.
Cons:
- It can be significantly more expensive.
- Ethical concerns may arise regarding breeding practices, and there’s a risk of supporting kitten mills.
- There is generally less variety in the selection process.
What’s preferable? Adoption or Buying
Adopting a cat from a shelter or rescue is a powerful way to save a life. Many cats, including beautiful Calicos, wait in overcrowded shelters for loving homes. By adopting, you bring a pet into your life and give a deserving cat the chance to experience love and companionship.
There are countless cats, both mixed-breeds and purebreds, in need of homes. Your decision to adopt helps reduce shelter populations and can prevent the tragedy of euthanasia for some animals. Adoption is a compassionate choice that allows you to make a difference in their lives. Together, we can create a loving family for these wonderful cats.
